An evidence review, not medical advice

The content on this site is a review of published evidence and regulation. It is not a diagnosis, not a treatment recommendation, and not a substitute for a consultation with a clinician who has examined you. It deliberately does not recommend for or against any treatment, and it does not state what any individual should do.

What the evidence does and does not show

The claims the evidence supports are stated as supported, and the claims it does not carry are stated as not supported. That imaging can show a vessel is established; that imaging reduces how often a vascular event happens is not. A scan does not treat anything, and no technique described here makes an injection free of risk.

No guarantee, and no booking

No outcome can be guaranteed, and nothing on this site is an offer of assessment, imaging, treatment or consultation. It is not a booking page, and no claim here should be read as an invitation to arrange anything. A decision about an injection, and about how it is performed, is an individual clinical question.

When to seek care urgently

Pain out of proportion to the procedure, blanching or dusky discolouration of the skin, blistering, severe pain behind the eye, or any change in vision should be assessed immediately in an emergency setting. This applies whether or not a scan was performed and whether or not the injection seemed straightforward at the time.